General Guidelines

• Your list of references should begin on a separate page with the title "References".
• Arrange entries alphabetically, using the last name of the author. If no author is given, alphabetize by the title, eliminating any initial A, An, or The.
• Begin each entry at the left margin. If the information requires more than one line, indent the following lines one-half inch from the left margin.
• Double-space within each entry, and between each entry.
• Follow carefully the punctuation, underlining, and capitalization in the examples. Note that the fifth edition of the APA Publication Manual calls for only one space after a period or colon.

Book with one author:
Author's last name, A. A. (date of publication).  Title italicized. Publication location:
         Publishing company.
example:
Koenig, G. (2000). Iconic LA: Stories of LA's most memorable buildings.
         Glendale, CA: Balcony.

Book with two authors:
First author's last name, A.A., & Second author's last name, B.B. (date of publication).
         Title italicized. Publication location: Publishing company.
example:
Landau, R., & Pashdag, J. (1984). Outrageous L.A. San Francisco: Chronicle.

Book with three to six authors:
First author’s last name, First name and Middle initial, et al.  Title italicized.  Publication
         location:  Publishing company, year.
example:
Gebhard, D., Montgomery, R., Winter, R., Woodbridge, J., & Woodbridge, S. (1973).
         A guide to architecture in San Francisco & Northern California. Santa Barbara: Peregrine.

note: To see how to format a reference for a work written by more than six authors, please see the example below for an "Article from an online full-text database with more than six authors."

Book with an editor:
Editor's last name, A. A. (Ed.). (Publication date). Title italicized.
         Publication location: Publishing company.
example:
Newland, J. N. (Ed.). (1992) Johnson, Kaufmann, Coate: Partners in the California style.
         Claremont, CA: Scripps College.

Article or chapter in an edited book: This also includes essays and short stories in anthologies.
Author's last name, A.A. (Publication date). Title of entry.
         In Editor's First initial Middle initial Last name (Ed.),
         Title of the book (page numbers). Publication location: Publishing company.
example:
Orwell, G. Such, such were the joys. (1994). In P. Lopate (Ed.), The art of the personal essay:          An anthology from the classical era to the present (pp. 268-302).
         New York: Anchor-Doubleday.

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Article from a reference book, encyclopedia, or dictionary -- not signed:
Title of article or entry. (Publication year). Title of reference work (Volume number, page numbers).
         Publication location: Publishing company.
example:
Los Angeles. (1998). The new encyclopaedia Britannica: Macropaedia (Vol. 7, pp. 484-485).
         Chicago: Encyclopaedia Britannica.

Article from a reference book, encyclopedia, or dictionary -- signed:
Author's last name, A. A. (Publication date). Title of article or entry.
         In Editor's First initial Middle initial and Last name (Ed.),
         Title of reference work in italics (Volume number, page numbers).
         Publication location: Publishing company.
example:
Turner, T. F. (1902). Mission. In R. Sturgis (Ed.), A dictionary of architecture and building
         (Vol. 2, p. 913). New York: Macmillan.

Article from a newspaper:
Author's last name, A. A. (Year, Month Day). Title of article. Name of Newspaper. page number(s).
example:
Brownstein, R. (2004, May 2). Presidential campaigns may play cameo role.
         Los Angeles Times, pp. A1, A26.

Article from a journal with continuous pagination:
Author's last name, A. A. (Publication year). Title of article.
         Journal title in italics, volume number, page numbers.
example:
Faragher, J. M. (2001). Bungalow and ranch house: The architectural backwash of California.
         Western Historical Quarterly, 32, 149-173.

Article from a popular magazine:
Author's last name, A. A. (Year, Month Day of publication). Title of article.
         Title of magazine in italics, page numbers.
example:
Mezrich, B. (2003, May). To live and die in L.A. Wired, 131-135.

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Article from an online full-text database:
Author's last name, A. A. (Publication date). Title of article. Title of journal where article
         originally appeared,volume #(issue #), page numbers. Retrieved Month Day, Year, from
         database.
example:
Kellogg, C. (2003, March). Looks count. Interior design, 74(3), 208-213. Retrieved July 2, 2003,
         from WilsonSelectPlus (OCLC FirstSearch) database.

Article from an online full-text database with more than six authors:
Author's last name, A. A. (Publication date). Title of article. Title of journal where article
         originally appeared,volume #(issue #), page numbers. Retrieved Month Day, Year, from
         database.
example:
Wolchik, S. A., West, S. G., Sandler, I. N., Tein, JU., Coatsworth, D., Lengua, L., et. al. (2000).
         An experimental evaluation of theory-based mother and mother-child programs for children
         of divorce. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 68(5), 843-856. Retrieved May 18,
         2004, from PsycArticles (ProQuest) database.

Webpage:
Author's last name, A. A. (Date of page). Title of the web page. Title of the website.
         Retrieved Month Day, Year, from complete URL with no period at the end
example:
Matthews, K. (1994-2004). W.E. Oliver House. Great buildings online. Retrieved May 15, 2004,
         from http://www.greatbuildings.com/buildings/W._E._Oliver_House.html

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Please visit http://www.apastyle.org/elecsource.html or pages 268-281of the APA Publication Manual for more detailed information concerning electronic resources.

In-text Citation (parenthetical references)

The list of References at the end of your paper tells your reader what resources you used to write your paper. To avoid plagiarism or taking credit for ideas that are not your own, you must also indicate in the text of your paper precisely what is borrowed from a source and where to locate that information in the source.

• The in-text citation usually appears in parentheses and corresponds directly to an entry in your list of Works Cited.
• The author's last name and the page number are usually enough to indicate the location in the source.
• If the author's name is used in the sentence, do not repeat it in the citation.

examples:

Author's name in reference:
Paul Williams originally designed the Theme Building at LAX as its control tower (Koenig, 2000).

Author's name in text:
According to Koenig (2000), Paul Williams originally designed the Theme Building at LAX as its control tower.

Author quoting another source, in your text:
Richard Meier describes the topography and structure of the Getty Center as being in, "a perpetual embrace in which building and site are one" (as cited in Koenig, 2000, p. 103).

• If you use a direct quotation that is more than forty words long, set it apart from your own words by beginning a new line and indenting ½ inch from the left margin. Do not add quotation marks. A colon is usually used to introduce the quotation. The page numbers appear at the end of the quotation.

example:

Author's name in text:
Koenig (2000) describes the grand opening of Union Station:

           Twenty minutes before noon on Wednesday, May 3rd, 1939, the parade celebrating the

           opening day festivities for Los Angeles Union Terminal began its trek down Alameda Street.

           Half a million people swarmed around the old Plaza area and filled the seats of the review

           stand that had been built between Aliso and Macy Streets. It had been a long and arduous

           battle to get the fabulous new Station, and Angelenos wanted to see it firsthand. (p. 77)